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WILDLIFE CONSERVATION
WILDLIFE CONSERVATION
Introduction :- “Wildlife Conservation” word reminds us of saving the resources which have been provided to us as nature’s gift. Wildlife represents the animals that are not domesticated or tamed. They are just wild animals and living in total wilderness. The conservation of such animals and plant species so that they may be out of the danger of extinction is termed wildlife conservation.
Types of Wildlife Conservation :-
Conservation of wildlife can be divided into two essential terms, namely “in situ conservation” and “ex-situ conservation.”
In-Situ Protection :- This form of protection preserves the imperil animal or plant in its natural environment. In Situ Conservation falls under initiatives such as National Parks, Biological Reserves.
Ex-Situ Conservation :- Ex-situ wildlife protection simply means off-site protection of wild animals and plants by eliminating and relocating a portion of a population to protected habitat.
The Need for Wildlife Conservation :- This is the outcome of the way in which man is changing the lifestyle and advancements in way of living. The enormous cutting of trees and forests is leading to the destruction of the habitats of wildlife. The thoughtless deeds of human beings are responsible for the mass extinction of the wildlife species. The act of hunting and poaching is also a punishable offense, no wildlife species must be killed for the enjoyment purpose. The wild animals and plants are playing an important role in maintaining ecological balance. Their importance could not be denied. There are several factors that are a threat to wildlife creatures. The increasing pollution, temperature and climatic changes, overexploitation of resources, irregular hunting and poaching, loss of habitat, etc are major causes for the deterioration of wildlife. There are many of the government acts and policies formulated and amended in the direction for the conservation of wildlife.
Wildlife Conservation Efforts in India :-
Project Tiger :- This project was launched by the Government of India in 1973, with an initiative for protection and management of the reducing population of the tiger. The Bengal tigers were reducing drastically in their numbers and their habitats too as a result of increasing human activities and advancements. Therefore in order to protect their habitat and their numbers, project initiative was taken. The project was administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority.
Project Elephant :- The increased developmental activities like construction of roads, railways, resorts, buildings are leading to the clearing up many forests and grazing spaces which results in the destruction of the habitat of different wild animals. The same was observed with elephants too. Project elephant was launched by the Indian government in 1992 to conserve the number of elephants, maintenance of their habitat, reduce human-animal conflicts, as well as reduce hunting and poaching.
UNDP Sea Turtle Conservation Project :- This project launched by UNDP, aims at properly managing and conserving the reducing numbers of the turtle population.
Crocodile Conservation Project :- This project was launched in 1975, at different state levels. The objective of the project was to prevent the habitat destruction of the crocodiles and thus helping to increase their numbers. The hunting and killing of the crocodiles should be monitored. As a result of this initiative, the numbers have been increased from 100 to 1000 till 2012.
Conclusion :- India has a wide range of wild animals such as Indochinese tigers, Asian lions, Indochinese leopards, various deer species, and many more. However, due to certain factors such as unnecessary hunting, illegal trade, habitat degradation, deforestation, etc., some animals and birds are on the border of destruction. While India’s government is taking measures to protect Wildlife, India’s fundamental heritage, every Indian person needs to think it is their responsibility to protect wildlife.
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